Oncology Certified Nurse (OCN) Nursing Practice Test

For which pulmonary toxicity does bleomycin pose a high risk?

1. Pneumonitis

2. Interstitial lung disease

3. Cough

4. Bronchospasm

The correct answer is: Pneumonitis

Bleomycin is known for its potential to cause pneumonitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of lung tissue. This risk is attributed to bleomycin's mechanism of action, which involves the generation of free radicals leading to DNA damage in lung cells. The inflammatory process that follows can result in symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and in severe cases, pulmonary fibrosis. While interstitial lung disease, cough, and bronchospasm are also associated with various pulmonary issues, pneumonitis is particularly notable as a complication directly linked to bleomycin use. It is essential for healthcare professionals to monitor patients receiving bleomycin for signs and symptoms of pneumonitis, enabling early intervention to mitigate further lung damage. Understanding the specific toxicities associated with chemotherapy agents like bleomycin is crucial for the management of patients undergoing cancer treatments.